{"id":2218,"date":"2026-09-21T18:06:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T15:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gynaikologos-komotini.gr\/?p=2218"},"modified":"2026-09-22T18:35:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T15:35:59","slug":"expanded-carrier-screening-ecs-from-fetal-genetic-risk-to-maternal-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gynaikologos-komotini.gr\/en\/expanded-carrier-screening-ecs-from-fetal-genetic-risk-to-maternal-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS): From Fetal Genetic Risk to Maternal Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2218\" class=\"elementor elementor-2218 elementor-2194\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7925df6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7925df6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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Name=\"Colorful List\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Mention\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Smart Hyperlink\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Hashtag\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Unresolved Mention\"\/><br \/>  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Smart Link\"\/><br \/> <\/w:LatentStyles><br \/><\/xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]><\/p>\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/<br \/> table.MsoNormalTable<br \/>\t{mso-style-name:\"\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2\";<br \/>\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;<br \/>\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;<br \/>\tmso-style-noshow:yes;<br \/>\tmso-style-priority:99;<br \/>\tmso-style-parent:\"\";<br \/>\tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;<br \/>\tmso-para-margin-top:0cm;<br \/>\tmso-para-margin-right:0cm;<br \/>\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;<br \/>\tmso-para-margin-left:0cm;<br \/>\tline-height:107%;<br \/>\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br \/>\tfont-size:11.0pt;<br \/>\tfont-family:\"Aptos\",sans-serif;<br \/>\tmso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;<br \/>\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br \/>\tmso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;<br \/>\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br \/>\tmso-font-kerning:1.0pt;<br \/>\tmso-ligatures:standardcontextual;<br \/>\tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;}<br \/><\/style>\n<p><![endif]--><\/p><p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"1246\">The traditional aim of <strong data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"781\">carrier screening<\/strong> was relatively straightforward: to identify two unaffected carriers of the same autosomal recessive disorder, or a woman carrying an X-linked disorder, and to estimate the genetic risk for their offspring. With the development of <strong data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1048\">next-generation sequencing (NGS)<\/strong>, however, hundreds of genes can now be analyzed simultaneously, transforming Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) from targeted testing into a broader strategy for reproductive prevention and planning.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-2217 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-komotini.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/OIP-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1566\">Epidemiologically, approximately 0.3% of couples are at risk of having a child affected by cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, or Fragile X syndrome. Furthermore, more than 3,000 genes have been associated with genetic disorders involving either the autosomal chromosomes (22 pairs) or the sex chromosomes (X\/Y).<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1982\">The overall significance is greater than individual rare disorders might suggest. Approximately <strong data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1683\">1\u20132% of couples<\/strong> may be at increased risk of having a child affected by a selected severe recessive disorder. Studies of children diagnosed with autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders have suggested that a proportion of these conditions could potentially have been anticipated through expanded carrier screening.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8303077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8303077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1984\" data-end=\"2765\">ECS may therefore be considered broadly rather than exclusively on the basis of ethnic or ancestral background, as traditionally occurs with conditions such as \u03b2-thalassemia. It is particularly relevant for <strong data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2295\">consanguineous couples, couples experiencing infertility, and those undergoing assisted reproduction<\/strong>. Whenever possible, screening before conception is preferable because it provides a wider range of reproductive options: natural conception followed by prenatal diagnosis, IVF with preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (<strong data-start=\"2534\" data-end=\"2543\">PGT-M<\/strong>), the use of donor gametes, or acceptance of the identified genetic risk. Major professional guidance also emphasizes the advantages of preconception carrier screening and counseling.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2767\" data-end=\"2926\">However, <strong data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2926\">identifying a carrier does not always concern only the health of a future child. It may also have direct implications for the mother&#8217;s own health.<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2928\" data-end=\"3212\">The traditional assumption that heterozygous carriers are invariably asymptomatic does not apply to every gene. In a large study, approximately <strong data-start=\"3072\" data-end=\"3093\">9% of individuals<\/strong> undergoing expanded carrier screening carried variants associated with potential clinical implications for themselves.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3214\" data-end=\"3380\">Of particular importance to obstetricians, approximately <strong data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3288\">1 in 40 women<\/strong> may carry a genetic condition that could influence her medical management during pregnancy.\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3382\" data-end=\"3752\">The clinical implications can be significant. Women carrying pathogenic variants associated with <strong data-start=\"3479\" data-end=\"3507\">dystrophinopathies (DMD)<\/strong> may develop or experience worsening dilated cardiomyopathy during pregnancy. <strong data-start=\"3585\" data-end=\"3604\">Factor V Leiden<\/strong> increases thromboembolic risk, while carriers of pathogenic variants in <strong data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3696\">F11, F8, and F9<\/strong> may have an increased risk of bleeding during delivery.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3754\" data-end=\"3959\">Carriers of <strong data-start=\"3766\" data-end=\"3782\">ABCB11\/ABCB4<\/strong> variants have an increased risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, whereas female <strong data-start=\"3872\" data-end=\"3888\">OTC carriers<\/strong> may develop severe hyperammonemic crises during the peripartum period.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-2222 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-komotini.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ECS_English-267x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3961\" data-end=\"4323\">A particularly important association involves <strong data-start=\"4007\" data-end=\"4022\">HADHA\/HADHB<\/strong> and HELLP syndrome or acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). When the fetus is affected by mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, the reported maternal risk of HELLP\/AFLP may reach <strong data-start=\"4213\" data-end=\"4223\">15\u201362%<\/strong>, potentially requiring specialized biochemical surveillance and maternal\u2013fetal medicine monitoring.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4685\">Some findings also have <strong data-start=\"4349\" data-end=\"4394\">long-term implications for women&#8217;s health<\/strong>, independently of pregnancy. A characteristic example is the <strong data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4476\">FMR1 premutation<\/strong>, which is associated with an approximately 20\u201330% risk of Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency and may therefore influence reproductive planning and discussions regarding fertility preservation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40fac1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40fac1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4687\" data-end=\"4743\">ECS can consequently have a <strong data-start=\"4715\" data-end=\"4742\">threefold clinical role<\/strong>:<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4745\" data-end=\"4917\"><strong data-start=\"4745\" data-end=\"4917\">identification of genetic risk to the fetus \u2192 provision of preconception\/prenatal reproductive options \u2192 identification of potential health risks to the mother herself.<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4919\" data-end=\"5201\">Nevertheless, indiscriminately expanding screening panels does not necessarily represent progress. Available panels differ substantially in the number and selection of genes included, with only a small number of genes being shared across all panels evaluated in comparative studies.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"5203\" data-end=\"5786\">The objective should therefore not be <strong data-start=\"5241\" data-end=\"5274\">\u201cthe more genes, the better,\u201d<\/strong> but rather the selection of a clinically meaningful panel focusing on serious and potentially actionable disorders, together with appropriate interpretation of <strong data-start=\"5435\" data-end=\"5480\">pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants<\/strong> and careful management of <strong data-start=\"5507\" data-end=\"5551\">variants of uncertain significance (VUS)<\/strong>. Furthermore, because manifestations in carriers may depend on the specific variant, interpretation should not be based solely on the name of the gene; the individual variant and the evidence associated with it must also be evaluated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e661ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e661ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-section-id=\"jr5vd6\" data-start=\"5788\" data-end=\"5815\"><span role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"5792\" data-end=\"5815\">Clinical conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h1><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"5817\" data-end=\"6364\">Genetic counseling should explain the risk of an affected child when both partners carry pathogenic variants associated with the same autosomal recessive condition\u2014typically <strong data-start=\"5991\" data-end=\"6016\">25% in each pregnancy<\/strong>\u2014and the inheritance risks associated with X-linked conditions, which depend on the specific disorder, fetal sex, and parental carrier status. Families should also understand that some genetic disorders arise from <strong data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6250\">de novo variants<\/strong> and therefore cannot be predicted through parental carrier screening alone.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6366\" data-end=\"6795\">In contemporary prenatal care, <strong data-start=\"6397\" data-end=\"6537\">Expanded Carrier Screening should no longer be regarded simply as a test to determine whether a child is at risk of a recessive disorder<\/strong>. It is a tool of preconception and prenatal medicine that can simultaneously define fetal genetic risk, inform a couple&#8217;s reproductive options and, in a clinically relevant proportion of women, <strong data-start=\"6732\" data-end=\"6794\">modify the monitoring and management of the mother herself<\/strong>.<\/p><p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6797\" data-end=\"7088\">The optimal approach is therefore <strong data-start=\"6831\" data-end=\"7087\">ECS preferably before conception, appropriate testing of both partners, careful panel selection, genetic counseling before and after testing, and individualized obstetric surveillance whenever carrier status has potential maternal clinical implications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20695e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20695e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The traditional aim of carrier screening was relatively straightforward: to identify two unaffected carriers of the same autosomal recessive disorder, or a woman carrying an X-linked<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics","category-subfertility"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS): From Fetal Genetic Risk to Maternal Health - \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 MD, PhD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Epidemiologically, approximately 0.3% of couples are at risk of having a child affected by cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, or Fragile X syndrome. 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